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Public Law 86-517
86th Congress, H. R. 10572
June 1 Z, 1960
AN ACT
llllil~
74 STA':', 215,
To outborlz~ rtUtl dh•(•d that the national forl~~ts lle mnung~d nnder prindpleM of
multiple UN~ o\Dd to 1"''"\uce n ~n~talnell yield 1>f J•rodtld~ •uul HH.-ict'~, and tor
other I""I'OsPS.
He it t'.WU'ted by fhr. ,\'cnf/te and l!ou~e of Hepre.,entntivcH of the
Cnited ,'I' tate!( of Amcrim in ('ongrC8ii 1/H~embled, That it is the policy Na.tional forof
the ('ongn~ss thnt the nntionnl forests nre estnhlishe!l uml shall k ests,
ndministcred for outdoor recrcatiou, range, ti!llber, wnter5hcd, and management.
wildlife nnd JiHh purposes. The put·poses of this Act nrc declared to
ho supplemcnt\ll to, but not in {]erogntion of, the purpose.s for wl1ich
tho nntionnl forests were est:1hlish{'d ns set foJ·th in tin~ Act of .June 4,
IHH7 (Hi lUi.C. 470). Nothing herein shall he construed us nlfecting- 30 Stat, 34.
tho jurisdictiou Ol' responsibilities of the severn! States with rcspoct to
wildlife and fbh on tho uational forests. Nothing herein ~l~:dl he
l.'onstrued so nH to alfect the use ot· tHllllini~tJ·ntion of the mineml
J\'Som·ces of n:ll ionnl forest lands oJ· to at fed the m;c or ndmin istmtion
of Fe~lertlll n1als not wit l1in nut imull forests.'
SEC. 2. The Secretary of Agriculture is nuthorized nnd direded to Multiple use;
de1·elop nw.ludminister the t'Cnewnblc surface resources of the national su&tained yield,
forests for multiple use uJHl sustnined yield of the several products
nnd services ohtained therefrom. In the ndministrntion of lhe nn-t
iomd forests due consi{lcrllt ion sh:dl be gi,•en to the rdntive vnlu!.'s of
the vnrious resources in particulnr nrens. The esttthlishmont and
maintenance of 1u·ens of wildenJCss nre l'onsistent with the purpo:;e_g
nnd provisions of this Act.
!::ln.:. 3. In the etfec'tuntion of this Act tlte Se.cretary of Agricultme
is authol'ized to cooperate witl1 interested State nmllocal governmentnl
ngeucies and others in the development nnd mnnngement of the
nu.tionnl forests.
Sl'.c. 4. As used in this Act, the followiug terms shall have the following
meanings:
(n) "Multiple use" menns; The manag{'ment of all tho various re- Definitions,
newaOle surface I\'$OUr('es of the national fore;;ts so that they are
utilized in the combii1ntion thnt will best meet tlJc needs of the A mer-iran
people; mnki11g thE' most judicious use of the land for some or
all of these resources or related services over areas large enough to
provide eufficicnt latitude for pe1·iodic n<ljustmeJJts in use to conform
to chnnging neerls and conditiOns; thnt some land will be used for
less than n.ll of the resources; und lmrmf}nious nnd coordinated man-
III,'Cment of the v11rim1s resources, ench with the other, without impair-ment
of the productivity of the land, with I'Ollsiderntion being given
to the relative vnlues of the vnrious resources, nnd not necessarily the
combinntion of W'es that. will give the grentest dollar return or the
grf'atest unit. output. ·
(b) "Sustained yield of the seveml products nnd services" means
the achievement IHJd maintenance in perpetuity of a high-level annual
or reguln.r periodic output of the various renewable resources of the
national forests without impairment of the productivity of the land.
Approved June 12, 1960,
GPO .IIH
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1'tO!Il IVIIIIUII
Regt..a1 r ..... tor
A Study of
Forest Service Procedure For Contracting Air Tanker Serv~
~
A New Policy For Such Contracting
As the use of air tankers for dropping retardents to aid in the control
of forest and range fires has increased, many problems of contracting
for such services on a basis fair to the Government and to the operators
h~t•,.., bP.en encountered.
Air tankers like other types of fire control equipment are needed only
during the actual fire emergency. Need for the service ia highly unpredictable
as to location and extent of use, We have approached the air
tanker problems by the sa~ time tested procedure generally applied to
other kinds of fire control equipment furnished by private contractors.
Sine• we cannot predict where a forest or range fire will occur or how
big it will get, it is economically impracticable to contract in advance
for the maximum anticipated fire demand. We, therefore, limit advance
contracting of equipment to thoae strategically located "first attack"
bases and to the quantity and type of equipment at such bases which past
history has demonstrated gives us the best coverage for the money spent.
Additional equipment demands to control large fires is obtained by
contracting on the open market where and to whatever extent the emergency
situation demands.
Procedures we have used to contract for ground equipment for fire control
have not been satisfactory to either the operators or the Forest Service
for air tanker services. In an effort to resolve the matter, a survey
was made this year during July and August, of air tanker operations in
western Forest Service Regions 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, to determine whether
initial attack air tanker services should be covered by formal contract ·
an~ if so, whether such a contract could be prepared for service·wide use.
The Iurvey proved to be timely. The operators interviewed were very glad
for the opportunity to be heard on this matter. All preferred to have a
firm contract covering tanker operations. Forest officers from the various
Regions participating in the survey agreed that some standardized procedure
must be adopted to provide the tanker services needed with the greatest
possible margin of safety and dependability. They also favored a firm
contract for first attack tankers.
Basically the objectives of the Forest Service and the operators are
compatible. Both want safe, effective service and a stabilized industry.
There is every reason to believe this can be done. Quite naturally the
operators are interested in a profitable contract. They were not
unreasonable or arbitrary in their proposals. Contract procedures and
contract requirements were discussed at every meeting. There was little
difference of opinion either by operators or Forest officers on contract
requirements, specifications, and terms. However, it became apparent
early in the survey that the primary objectives of safe, effective air
tanker service by a stabilized industry cannot be achieved by soliciting
open competitive bids for the contracts.
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There are a great many more air tankers for hire than the Forest Service
needs to hold in readiness for initial attack. These are surplus military
aircraft modified for air tanker use, They are not useful as a general
purpose airplane and many can be used only as air tankers. The Forest
Service is therefore the biggest user and the competition for our
contracts is very great. Our problem is how to contract our initial
attack requirements with the operator able to furnish the most effective
service at a reasonable price and with the greatest possible margin of
safety. Regardless of how this is done, there will be a flood of protest
from operators who are not awarded contracts. Regardless of this the
Forest Service policy for awarding initial attack air tanker contracts
must be one that best serves the interests of the Government.
The standard practice of purchasing property and services after open
competitive bidding is effective when the service to be furnished can be
fully described in the bid specification, bids submitted can be fairly
compared and evaluated, and perforaance can be measured for actual
compliance with the advertised specifications. This is not possible for
air tanker service, The true value of this service to the Government
can only be measured in terms of effective air tanker support for control
of forest and range fires. Effective air tanker service is not subject
to precise specification, nor can the capability of a bidde~ to deliver
effective air tanker service be evaluated from a quoted unit price.
Whether bids are solicited on the basis of dollars per hour of flight,
gallon-miles or ton-miles of retardents carried or any other manner, there
is no practicable .ethod of comparing the real value of the service to
the Government by analysis of unit prices quoted by the various bidders.
Airplanes used for tankers are of many makes and models. Performance
characteristics, speed, and capacity vary between makes and types, and
even between the same makes and types because of condition and age.
Airplanes which can be used effectively and safely over certain terrain
are ineffective and hazardous in other areas. A pilot able to perfor.
with a high degree of accuracy and safety in one type of airplane may
be capable of only minimum performance in a different type. Miniaum
requirements for aircraft and pilots can be written. However, minimum
performance in this kind of work is most expensive in dollar~ paid for
flying time and has the least effectiveness in control of fir~s.
Forest Service requirements are not satisfied with an airplane which
can carry a given number of gallons of retardent slurry and a pilot who
can fly it to a given spot, dump the load and return. Unless the
retardant is accurately dumped on the area of the fire where it is
most effective in 1topping the fire the entire trip is of no value to
the Government. Unlike a standard contract, there is no opportunity
for the Government to protect against poor or ineffective performance
by "reperformance" or nbuying against" the contractor. Either the
original perfor.ance is effective or it is useless. There is no second
chance. The small fire which might have been inexpensively controlled
by a timely and effective air tanker drop can become an expensive
damaging blue. Time does not pause.
In performance of standard contracts the Government is fully protected
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by enforcement of the contract teras and the contractor reaps the benefits
of his efficiency and experience if he can perfora to a better standard
than his competitors. The reverse is true for air tanker contracts.
If the contractor can perform with speed and effectiveness his flying
time is held to the minimum and so are his earnings. The contractor
that performs to the adniaum standard builds up more flight tiae and
thus more pay. The benefits of premium performance accrue to the
Government rather than tbe contractor just as the accomplishments of
highly efficient emplo,eea are of greater benefit to the Government than
the accomplishments of average employees of the same grade.
Air tankers from our initial attack bases frequently will be the first
control units to reach a fire. It is essential that the pilot have the
experience and judgement to recosnize and properly assess the situation
as he finds it. His proficiency and accuracy as a pilot may enable
him to drop the retardant slurry on the target of his choice. However,
if the drop is to be effective the target must be correctly selected.
Pires occur in varying physical situations. Retaroents dropped by air
tankers seldom extinguish the fire. Properly placed and applied the
retardant can slow down the rate of spread until smoke jumpers or ground
crews can get on the job. All pilots do not have the same ability to
properly evaluate tbe prime factors of fuel, topography, and weather
which radically effect fire behavior. Drops on the wrong area of a
fire which are ineffective or which are only partially effective cost
just as .uch as drops with .aximum effect on correctly selected targets.
It is essential that the Forest Service know the capabilities of pilots
before awarding a contract.
The dependability, experience, and integrity of the contractor and his
facilities for inspecting and maintainins his equipment are also of
prime importance.
We now have established where initial attack tankers should be based to
give the best coverage. Mixing plants are permanently installed at
these bases. At some locations like Redding, California and Redmond,
Oregon ve have entire regional air service centers built up. Types of
aircraft that can operate most effectively fro. the base airports and in
the terrain which the base serves on first attack have been determined.
At most of our tanker bases there is a resident operator with hangar and
qhop facilities, spare parts. tools, and equipment for the type aircraft
he owns. These operators have franchises or leases with the city or
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county authorities. They have been encouraged to risk capital and time
to develop airport facilities which will serve the communities. They
were in business last year and can be expected to be in business next
year. At very fev bases is there more than one resident operator.
These are operators regularly engaged in the airplane service business.
We know them, their regular pilot and mechanic personnel, their equipment,
and the repair, inspection and maintenance facilities at each
operating base. During the past several years while air tanker
operations have been developing we have procured services from them by
contract and by open market rental arrangements. It is only natural
that resident operators have secured and now have the kind of aircraft
and the trained pilots our program people have found most suitable
and reliable for use in their particular areas.
There is a distinct advantage to the Forest Service in having a contractor
who is available year after year, is familiar with the country, and has a
diversified air service business. These resident operators and most of
their pilots are "old timers" who know the National Forests in their
respective areas, This is invaluable in £!refighting both in the saving
of time and in safety of performance,
They have other air service business which enables them to maintain a
stable operation and we know from past experience that we can get
effective air tanker service at a fair price and with a greater safety
factor from these operators. In open competitive bidding these operators
are at a disadvantage. If there is to be competition at these bases the
specifications have to permit transient operators to compete. with
resident operators. If we specify that the bidder must have hangar and
shop facilities, tools, equipment, and repair parts at the operating
base, wa eliminate all but the resident operators. If we do not so
specify, we risk the prospect of awarding the contract to a transient
operator who must then maintain his aircraft in the open with such
transportable tools and equipment as he can bring to the base with him.
We have solicited bids for air tanker services and the results are far
from satisfactory. In some cases these bids have resulted in good
reliable resident operators with top notch pilots and the best available
maintenance and repair facilities losing out to transient operators who
under-bid them from a few cents per hour to several dollars per hour.
In other cases resident operators who must operate at their regular
base or not operate at all and recognizing they must underbid transient
operators have cut their price to a point of actual loss to get the
contract.
It is neither equitable nor in the best interests of the Government to
force these operators to cut prices below reasonable levels to protect
their business and investment in unequal competition with transient
operators who clearly are unable to furnish a truly comparable service.
For example on a recent bid a transient bidder underbid a resident
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operator with known capability for superior performance by $34.00 per
hour. The airplanes offered by the bidders while not the same were
fairly comparable. Past experience as to reliability of equipment and
personnel, effectiveness of air tanker operations, safety, and dependability
materially favored the resident operator. From a strictly
fiscal comparison of bid prices, $34.00 per hour seems to be a sub·
stantial price saving. However, the low bid of $365.00 per hour is
$6.00 per minute. If the transient operator uaes over six minutes
more flight time pe_r hour than the resident operator, the low bid
becomes in fact more costly. The probability that he will require more
flight time is very great indeed, Responding to initial dispatch to
a fire the transient operator must proceed on a compass bearing. The
resident operator knowing the country knows exactly where to go and
how to get there, A single extra orbit waiting for radio directions
can use up the time. Going unnecessarily high in unfamiliar country,
crossing a single ridge in the wrong place, and many similar things
are much more apt to happen to the transient than to the resident
operator. The price difference in this example is sizeable. Bids
have been received with as little as ten cents per hour between the
high and low bids. In this case all bids were rejected. However, had
award been made to the low bidder there is no doubt it would have cost
the Government more for performance of the contract.
Local airport authorities have tried to protect resident operators
from unequal competition by asaessing heavy landing and use fees on
transient aircraft. Some states likewise atte.pt to protect resident
operators. (see pages 26 and 74 of Utah laws governing Aeronautics
and Ordinance No. 2073, passed July 8, 1964, by the city of La Grande,
Oregon.
Undesirable results of bids in other areas have been:
1. Resident operators that were underbid at their home base in turn
entered low bids at other bases. As a result all were in the position
of "transient" operators. None of them were operating efficiently or
economically. This is the poorest kind of a contractual arrangement
pouible.
2. Resident operators of known reliability were underbid at their home
base. The next year in order to protect against a similar situation
they bid below actual cost. The Forest Service cannot foster this kind
of cutthroat price competition.
3. A top notch resident operator whose fair price was underbid folded
up and quit the business rather than reducing his operating standards
to engage in the price cutting scramble.
Inequities of pricing and of paying for standby, ferry time~ and flight
time are nu~rous. Most are directly attributable to the impracticability
of comparing the true value of competitive bids when applied to
an operation with the variables existing in air tanker perfo rmance,
Bids are not serving the best interest of the Government. They are
encouraging the worst kind of cutthroat pricing which can only result
in less effective service at a higher cost, with greater risk to life
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and property. Cutthroat pricing is spreading to open market transactions
also. This summer transient operators flew air tankers into bases
where the Forest Service bad rental agreements which were not legally
binding contract with dependable resident operators. They demanded
consideration for a~l, or at least a share of the business because
they offered to cut the unit price per hour of flight by as much as
$25.00 per hour.
All of our contracts and open market rental arrangements for air tanker
services contain the standard "save harmless11 clause. The contractor
is solely responsible for death or injury to his employees and for
damage or loss of his aircraft. However, this cannot be considered
an invitation to the Government to foster or permit cutthroat competitive
pricing which must in the end result in cost cutting by the contractors
to make ends meet. The first place to cut costs is to cut maintenance
and repairs to the aircraft and the next is to cut personnel expenses.
Both lead directly to a more hazardous, less dependable service.
The only tankers available now, and for the next several years, are
surplus military airplanes. These are old airplanes. They require a
very high level of maintenance and inspection. Parts and replacement
engines are increasingly difficult to find. Pilots and mechanics with
training and experience on these aircraft are fewer each year.
Insurance companies underwrite tanker operations anticipating that twenty
per cent of them will be lost each year. It is necessary only to review
the record to see that this is not a wild guess, Each year we lose
tankers on fire or spray jobs, most of them with pilot fatalities. This
has been a favorable fire year but, to date, we have lost two aircraft
and two pilot~ while actually attempting t1) make fir~ drops. Another
tanker airplane was lost and the pilot killed while making a practice
drop. One fatal and one non~fatal crash occurred on Forest Service spray
jobs. Because of th~ nature of air tanker work we cannot hope to
eliminate all risk to men and equipment. The Forest Service cannot do
less than its utmost to protect the lives of tanker pilots and prevent
loss of contractor equipment in performance of air tanker services. To
do so it is imperative that we contract with the best available
operator at each hase, not with the cheapest.
The risk to pilots and equipment can only be minimized by awarding
tanker contracts to the resident operators with the best available
maintenance, repair, and inspection facilities. There is no question
that these services can be better performed at a base shop where
equipment, parts, tools, facilities, and personnel are .aintained for
that very purpose, than they can in an open field with such materials
as the operator can carry with him.
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The physical demand on pilots is an important item. The nature of the
work requires that pilots be readily available. This may go on day after
day with no actual flying. Pilots of transient operators either have no
"ready room" facilities at all or they move in on the resident operator
or the Forest Service. We have experienced both. It is justly said
"every contractor should have a toilet and a telephone", Many transient
bidders have neither. Pilots cannot maintain efficiency if they must
spend their non-flying time in the dirt under the wing of an airplane.
To expect the resident operator to furnish ready room facilities to his
competition or the Forest Service to provide for the transient but not
the resident operator is neither practicable nor defensible,
These are the factors which make it impracticable to write bid specifications
in a manner which will permit open competition, comparison and
evaluation of bids on an equal basis. Bids by operators owning different
makes and models of tanker aircraft, employing different pilots, and
providing repair and maintenance facilities which vary from nothing to
sizeable fixed investments in plant and equipment cannot be compared on
the basis of dollars per hour of flight. The value to the Government
must be measured in terms of safe, reliable servi-~ ·~hich is effective
in controlling forest and range fires.
NEW POLICY: Initial attack air tankers will be covered by contract
that, to be useful to the Government, will be negotiated under the authority
of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act, Title III,
Section 302(c)(l0), with the best qualified resident operator at each
initial attack air tanker base.
At any base where there is more than one qualified resident operator, and
at bases where there are no qualified resident operators, competition will
be restricted to operators known to be capable of safe, dependable and
effective performance.
The policy of the Department of Agriculture and the Forest Service for
negotiating contracts in excess of $2,500 is designed to assure selection
of the best available contractor and to secure a fair contract price. A
Board of Contract Awards of three or more members is established in each
Regional Office. The duties of the board are to (1) solicit proposals
from individuals or firms capable of undertaking the contract, (2) review
and evaluate the qualifications and capabilities of all prospective
contractors, (3) select and authorize negotiation with the best available
prospective contractor, and (4) determine a reasonable contract price for
the job to be done. This information is then furnfshed the Con~racting
Officer who actually negotiates the contract.
We believe this procedure to be in the best interest of the Government and
fair to the operators. It is the most which can be done to provide effective
air tanker service safely at a fair price by a stabilized industry,
Approved J {I -j1- {, f
eldttf/.24r~<'~
Acting Chief
Prepared by:
Division of Fire Control and
Divbion of Administrative Servic_es
Forest Service
U. s. Department of Agriculture
.... t.-J ..., ~n ·~·, < e ·:. S., }o'or~st :;erv1ce h;:s .::on(.rc·,:-Led f,-,, ';, 8
-'lerial spr~y:_r,~~ .l"_t_,.olling, ~u.J .i.'lre .-ntppr·03~:H•: .:1, . 1\c;. ~cr·.·'>·,,, -''J
drcrJ:tft oper4t.ors of question.,.ble cApabil1 ty, Ar.d h~s r1•>~t:pled ~.no
pA.id for such services on R bAsis of price ~:-~lonA rA.t.her tnc:n ll<:V'tn;·
requirements for pAst perfOl"'llAnee, And experien;~0 fl.LlR-hfJ cf\tJon;:; bRd::-ed
up by financial integrity, AdeqMte :CJ.<>.intennncc~ oqp·,_bJ.e perso·-:r'~'J.
org~nizf:!.tion~ ,qnd the fixed fr;cilities needed r.o clo · •1 r:.f:'Jci<2r-.L
Sfl-Lisf"!ctory job nnd
;·dlliR~A.;; i r.. the l:<:tst fe':! ye~rs ~ cont·~.., ':-ts l'IDd suppleF.,en'Al ccntr-'"lcts
hi'J.lTE'- been granted to persons of doubtful fimmcial st"1:nding nnrl
experience qu.~lific"'tions and/or previously prinarL~-Y enr;r>.~;ed ).>t ,10n·
cornrterciAl 'lvi'1.tion businesses nnd thus_. by unsl'\tisf<Jctor~-' pe:d'w:-m:-;nc.e
cr>.used an economic h~rdship 'iri t.hin comnur,i ties wherein t.hey h<>.ve: O:?t::!.·r:~,;;;:'
due to non-r;-;;yment of bills or t'li t:a ~dded nnd unness?.ry expense to i.:.he
~~. S .. Forest Service .in supervi sian ~nd bc-o'kkeepinr;" n.'J. of 11ht cb couJJ
,1A.Ve l.>een avoided by contrRcting l'li th reputRblc, e.st."l.blisheEi cvrrJ.'Jerc:~._~~_J.
avil'ltion ope:rA.tors normally OOsed '1:":1 thi.n the ccntr.o_cts 01re'l.S Rnd
i';HERE~S if better st~ndArds And q't.l?.lificntions for the OL':ders were
incorpC'rated nithin these Forest Service Contracts~ the contractor coald
more efficiently And econoi!lic!'llly perform these co:1trr•d;w~l services,
thus sP.ving the U .. S, Government time and money~
NO\'i THEREFORE BE IT R.f.~/ 1 1 \-:· ;; . . Northwel!li't Aviation OJ)erators Council
go on record requesting that the u. S~ Dan~rtment ot· Aericulture1
Forest Service Div:~sion, reyj_ew A.n:! rem-1t.e their Fo:re[rG fier-'~!ics ~-i:rcr~ft
Service ColJtr,cts with con&i der~tion or" the following i terns as
c~UA.lifications: which J_t is suggested be incorporated into SRtd cont:r~.,~,:;.,
L F.tXE:D MSE ')P.SHftTOR
Bidder sh'1.\.1 be ~n est.,blishP-d Cor... merci'--!.1 AviRti::-n O)·)er:<~.to.:-.'
with L"se fA.cilities r-~dequ..--;te for oper1t\.0·J .·L'ld maint.ent:nce
of :o.irc:r"'"'t. ClSeC i.n Fm·est Service opentttor;,J,
'&.:! UI Pl1iE1 iT t,:, ;J l,ERSO!-UlEL
B.i.dde:r shJ'.} 1 0\~D nt le.,st oz;,e cu:c:rentl:" c:er'::' .. fic."'.'c->'ld,
~~-t''l"'orth~, qu·,l_:lfh~d ~i:':'crA.ft r.nd h::,vc !m:;· crt;y,;r
q t rc.L·Q.f t to be uscc1 on C<)ntr<>ct~ t•_r:.der -;x.;;l·_lsi ve 1en~;E·
.for .-, per:~ ad :~f at le:1.::.· t. six co!lSC':'.uti ve r:,onths"
Pi lots sl"':J.J..l lx~ F.lpccl fied in the bid b:;t n::.me rmd sl:e1Jl
h:'lve experJ.t,ncc :;.UA.llficctions Pccertable to tbe I"on·st
Service ;:wd shnll be currently P•.:..ed r~s 2·cquired b3r U:e E'i.h ..
3. FIXED ?~CILITIES
K~f',.-'p,~ ;,l"r:~lJ own or hRve lensed o:r- l'Y~c.1er co'1trr<c1· .• fr;,.. "
•'t::"tU<: rJt "~' Ll~-t"';;, ~ ... .,. •·O~l":."IJLl ... i.rf:lllC'lrl~iull~ _:"•\CJ.l.t·;...t~~es on
the ;qirporT:, to be used as r;. 0.'1.38 of oper,'l tions, F!=lclli ·i;.Lct3
oimerJ. .• 1eflsed or und0r contr"lct b~r tt.e :q,ece:o··"A.jle bic!der
sl:J!';_ll include~
a.. or .:'"ice B.nd tele~h0:1€
b r~!a).!1"te'1f!ncc sbopJ c<O::ij '_'j_c-"l~ '0:.~ c::r:'1'"!l i c:=:nll(
shop e'";'...:..l pn.F3nt
c .:-:torr:ge ~nd o·-::··:"lti(:;n.,·i_ -·,,~;J .. ::.·_,,.,s ~~ccc:;:;t<i.b!.~'
~.c ·:,;~e ?o:r·;·~:-'t Se·_:-v:i.ce : "_3 ,-,r, .. z-.. J.i.<..'1L.0 to tm: ow
"o:t eo t. S-3-'. ':r:i. :e r)q,W ·: .::·:-._"(: ~ s rs :y~·~ J:cr1 '·- ~- ·r :.·:__;__. , '" ,
'-~''Ji€/'AS
_l::i_a_d.lOS
fi:!':.ps, etc
.\dt::c;;~c,._·a g~•n.u::! s..;:rJ·ic:' ,'~!~.J..:;p,~,o_,;, ~11c:1 ~.;' 'i"-''"
n.n(t, fu2iJr:g ecwiomeni ;r;.d -~~c--:J',"' ~ .. ,_~..,lllies,
t:-, BGllDS
::,;_~id.:::· s:.~."!ll bo -.'e-·.1w.red to furnish :'cxfol_-::lrm.ec k·;c,,,_; _ ,-,"J.c
ill ':..be c~<.se of ":D 1\.erhd. SprM.yi.ng Co-r~.~!·-~c·;,~ s:-, .:'.-.\_ ,,,h:-~ .. :-.w~n s:!;
:-~ h{yrr"!ent Bond.,
F'UR'l'HERl~iOR!i; thR't this resolutj on be for<)l'arded to F.icht~r;\ E, !,:C".Ard1e~
r ::3 LiepArtment- oi' Agriculturet Forest Service? 1.;RS1JingtOJ125:. :·; C.,~
coptes t:; the R.eg:ionn1 :-·or-est Ser-v.ice CffJ..t:!eS in the No•"tl-1\'les-t. P.nd 1 ~,
f).Jl f3eruH,o~~s :-md U S, R~r;r~s,;ontRt.ives l.n tl-'.~ fX'T Northwe<'P·. st~-,-t~~;
C:r c.
